Pulmonary fibrosis model work
A 2023 in vitro study reported that elamipretide attenuated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the Nrf2 dependent NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Reported in the cited paper.
SourceBack to search
Anti-AgingTissue Repair
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
SS-31, known as elamipretide, is a mitochondria targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It received FDA accelerated approval in September 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome, the first approved mitochondria targeted therapeutic.
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Overview
What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
SS-31, known as elamipretide, is a mitochondria targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It received FDA accelerated approval in September 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome, the first approved mitochondria targeted therapeutic.
- Mitochondrial Function
- Cellular Energy
- Oxidative Stress
- Muscle Strength
What the research reports
Benefits of SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Outcomes described across the published SS-31 (Elamipretide) literature and ongoing study. Read each as research context, not a promised result.
- 01
Cardiolipin stabilisation
Binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, restoring the structural integrity that efficient electron transport chain function depends upon.
- 02
Approved Barth syndrome use
Granted FDA accelerated approval in September 2025 to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients weighing at least 30 kilograms. Reported in research settings.
- 03
Muscle strength trial data
The approval rested on knee extensor strength improving by more than 45 percent, a change that correlated with six minute walk results. Reported in research settings.
- 04
Oxidative stress reduction
Preclinical work reports reduced reactive oxygen species production, which follows from improved electron transport chain efficiency. Reported in research settings.
- 05
Ongoing indication research
Studies continue in dry age related macular degeneration and primary mitochondrial myopathy, neither of which is an approved use. Reported in research settings.
Dosage and protocol
Dosage and protocol reference
Clinical trials studied 4 to 40 mg once daily by subcutaneous injection across 4 to 12 week protocols. The approved Barth syndrome product has its own labelled dosing schedule.
- Route
- Subcutaneous injection
- Example range
- 4-40 mg
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Timing
- Once daily, morning in trial settings. Reaches mitochondria quickly.
Clinical evidence
Clinical evidence and study base
The published record, labeled by strength so you can see what is settled and what is still emerging.
Smooth muscle mitochondria
A 2024 in vitro study used elamipretide to counter doxycycline induced mitochondrial dysfunction in aortic smooth muscle cells. As reported in the cited publication.
SourceBarth syndrome drug programme
The approval drew on the TAZPOWER extension and a phase 3 natural history control study, with an FDA committee voting 10 to 6 that it is effective. Reported in the cited paper.
SourceInteractions
How it pairs with other peptides
- Epitalon peptide
- No known interaction. SS-31 targets mitochondria while epitalon targets telomerase activity.
- MOTS-c peptide
- Both act on mitochondria by separate routes, one structural and the other through signalling.
- NAD+ coenzyme
- Both are used for mitochondrial support, though no study has tested them in combination. Confidence: emerging.
- Coenzyme Q10
- Both act within the electron transport chain, so they are often paired in mitochondrial protocols.
Questions
Frequently asked questions.
What is SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a peptide compound used in research settings. It is commonly studied for its role in anti-aging, tissue repair, and many researchers compare supplier quality, purity, and testing data before purchasing.
What are the research benefits of SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is often evaluated for its potential influence on signaling pathways, recovery support, and targeted research applications. Research interest varies by peptide, formulation, and study design, so buyers typically review purity, dose, and independent lab verification before choosing a source.
How does SS-31 (Elamipretide) work?
Like other research peptides, SS-31 (Elamipretide) is typically studied for how it interacts with specific biological pathways and receptor systems. In practice, the way it is formulated, dosed, and tested matters as much as the compound itself, which is why verified suppliers and transparent COAs are important.
Is SS-31 (Elamipretide) for research use only?
Yes, products like SS-31 (Elamipretide) are generally intended for research, laboratory, or educational use and are not marketed as approved human therapeutics. Always follow local laws, lab safety practices, and institutional requirements before handling or studying any peptide.
What should I look for before buying SS-31 (Elamipretide)?
Key checks include verified COA data, peptide form and concentration, supplier reputation, stock status, and cost per mg. Comparing pricing and testing records side-by-side helps reduce the risk of buying an under-tested or misrepresented product.
